Primary Sludge (EM 2.1)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Environmental Outputs: Impacts
We can categorize the environmental impact of economic production through the emissions produced as a by-product of production. We can conceptualize emissions emiting from the corporate value chain using the three scope approach of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. These three scopes are:
- Scope 1: Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources
- Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy (electricity, heating, coooling, steam)
- Scope 3: Indirect emissions from value chain (upstream & downstream)
In this manner, we are able to categorize a variety of emissions and negative externalities from economic production into either these three scopes considering and if the emission comes from upstream activities, company activites, or downstream activities.
Air Pollutants
For air pollutants, we can approximate changes in air quality through real-time air quality indices such as IQAir. Alternatively, we could attempt to measure each contributor seperately to asessing direct channels of emissions through changes in production.
Carbon Dioxide (\(CO_2\)) (EM 1.1)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Black Carbon (BC) (EM 1.2)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Methane (\(CH_4\)) (EM 1.3)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Nitrous Oxide (\(N_2O\)) (EM 1.4)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Fluorinated Gases (EM 1.5)
Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluorid
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Ozone-Depleting Substances (EM 1.6)
Ozone \(O_3\) chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and halons
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Particulate Matter (PM) (EM 1.7)
Coarse PM10 Fine PM2.5
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Sulfur Dioxide (\(SO_2\)) (EM 1.8)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Carbon Monoxide (\(CO\)) (EM 1.9)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Non-methane Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCS) (EM 1.10)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Ammonia (\(NH_3\)) (EM 1.11)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Water Pollutants
Again for water pollution, we could use a composite measure such as Water Quality Index (WQI). GEMStat provides a cross-sectional database of WQI globally.
Suspended Solids
Secondary Sludge (EM 2.2)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Chemical Sludge (EM 2.3)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Mineral Sludge (EM 2.4)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Waste Activated Sludge (EM 2.5)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Biodegradable Organic Matter
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (EM 2.6)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (EM 2.7)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (EM 2.8)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Non-biodegradable Organic Matter
Pesticides (EM 2.9)
Organochlorines
Organophosphates
Neonicotinoids
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Detergents (EM 2.10)
Chromium-6, Arsenic, Nitrates
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS)
Alcohol ether sulfates (AES)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Inorganic Dissolved solids
Total dissolved solids (TDS) (EM 2.11)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Salinity (Na) (EM 2.12)
Sodium Chloride
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Arsenic (EM 2.13)
Industrial smelting, pesticides
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Cyanide (Plastics) (EM 2.14)
Plastics
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Microplastics
Lead (EM 2.15)
Mining, plumbing, gasoline, coal
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Mercury (EM 2.16)
Mining, combustion, industrial waste
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Thallium (EM 2.17)
Glass, pharmaceuticals, electronics
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Pathogens
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) (EM 2.18)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Parasitic Worms (EM 2.19)
Eggs from helminths (large macro parasites) Parasticially steals nutrients from the host Most common: - Ascaris - Hookworm - Whipworm
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Nitrogen Runoff (EM 2.20)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Phosphorus Runoff (EM 2.21)
Defintion:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activites: - Specific to NAICS codes
Soil Pollutants (Contaminants)
Xenobiotic chemicals or other alterations to natural soil environments
The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons,[4] polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene),[5] solvents,[6] pesticides,[7] and heavy metals.
Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EM 3.1)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) (EM 3.2)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Heavy Metals
Lead (EM 3.3)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Mercury (EM 3.4)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Cadmium (EM 3.5)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Solid Municipal Waste (EM 3.6)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Plastic Waste (EM 3.7)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Electronic Waste (E-Waste) (EM 3.8)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) (EM 3.9)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes
Pharamecutical Waste (EM 3.10)
Definition:
Impact on Environment:
Optimal Natural Levels:
Related Economic Activities: - Specific to NAICS codes